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Что (кто) такое Nobel prize - определение
![will]] stated that 94% of his total assets should be used to establish the Nobel Prizes.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alfred Nobels will-November 25th, 1895.jpg?width=200 "will]] stated that 94% of his total assets should be used to establish the Nobel Prizes.")
![When it was announced that [[Henry Kissinger]] was to be awarded the Peace Prize, two of the Norwegian Nobel Committee members resigned in protest.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Henry A. Kissinger, U.S. Secretary of State, 1973-1977.jpg?width=200 "When it was announced that [[Henry Kissinger]] was to be awarded the Peace Prize, two of the Norwegian Nobel Committee members resigned in protest.")
![[[Mahatma Gandhi]], although nominated five times, was never awarded a Nobel Peace Prize.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/MKGandhi.jpg?width=200 "[[Mahatma Gandhi]], although nominated five times, was never awarded a Nobel Peace Prize.")
![[[Marie Curie]], one of five people who have received the Nobel Prize twice (Physics and Chemistry)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Marie Curie 1903.jpg?width=200 "[[Marie Curie]], one of five people who have received the Nobel Prize twice (Physics and Chemistry)")
![Laureates receive a heavily decorated diploma together with a gold medal and the prize money. Here [[Fritz Haber]]'s diploma is shown, which he received for the development of a method to synthesise ammonia.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nobel Prize Diploma Fritz Haber 1918.JPG?width=200 "Laureates receive a heavily decorated diploma together with a gold medal and the prize money. Here [[Fritz Haber]]'s diploma is shown, which he received for the development of a method to synthesise ammonia.")
![[[James Joyce]], one of the controversial omissions of the Literature Prize](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Revolutionary Joyce Better Contrast.jpg?width=200 "[[James Joyce]], one of the controversial omissions of the Literature Prize")
![[[Richard Kuhn]], who was forced to decline his Nobel Prize in Chemistry](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Richard Kuhn ETH-Bib Dia 248-065.jpg?width=200 "[[Richard Kuhn]], who was forced to decline his Nobel Prize in Chemistry")
![[[Wilhelm Röntgen]] received the first Physics Prize for his discovery of X-rays.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad (1845-1923).jpg?width=200 "[[Wilhelm Röntgen]] received the first Physics Prize for his discovery of X-rays.")
Википедия
The Nobel Prizes ( noh-BEL; Swedish: Nobelpriset [nʊˈbɛ̂lːˌpriːsɛt]; Norwegian: Nobelprisen [nʊˈbɛ̀lːˌpriːsn̩]) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfred Nobel was a Swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist most famously known for the invention of dynamite. He died in 1896. In his will, he bequeathed all of his "remaining realisable assets" to be used to establish five prizes which became known as "Nobel Prizes." Nobel Prizes were first awarded in 1901.
Nobel Prizes are awarded in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace (Nobel characterized the Peace Prize as "to the person who has done the most or best to advance fellowship among nations, the abolition or reduction of standing armies, and the establishment and promotion of peace congresses"). In 1968, Sveriges Riksbank (Sweden's central bank) funded the establishment of the Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, to also be administered by the Nobel Foundation. Nobel Prizes are widely regarded as the most prestigious awards available in their respective fields.
The prize ceremonies take place annually. Each recipient (known as a "laureate") receives a green gold (aka "electrum") medal plated with 24 karat gold, a diploma, and a monetary award. In 2021, the Nobel Prize monetary award was 10,000,000 SEK. A prize may not be shared among more than three individuals, although the Nobel Peace Prize can be awarded to organizations of more than three people. Although Nobel Prizes are not awarded posthumously, if a person is awarded a prize and dies before receiving it, the prize is presented.
The Nobel Prizes, beginning in 1901, and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, beginning in 1969, have been awarded 609 times to 975 people and 25 organizations. Five individuals and two organisations have received more than one Nobel Prize.
